How to Repair Circuit Faults on Both Sides of Solar Street Lights that Can Use Mains Electricity: A Guide for Solar Street Light Experts

Solar street lights are a type of outdoor lighting system that use solar energy to power LED lamps during the night. Most solar street lights have a battery that stores the electric charge generated by the solar panel during the day, and provides power to the LED light at night. Solar street lights can also have a backup system that allows them to switch to the mains electricity when the battery is low or the solar panel is not working.

However, solar street lights may encounter some circuit faults that affect their normal operation. These faults can occur on both sides of the Solar Street Light system: the solar panel side and the LED lamp side. In this article, we will discuss some common circuit faults on both sides and how to repair them.

Circuit faults on the solar panel side

The solar panel side of the solar street light system consists of the solar panel, the charge controller, and the battery. The solar panel converts the sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity, which is then regulated by the charge controller and stored in the battery. The charge controller also protects the battery from overcharging or over-discharging, and prevents reverse current from the battery to the solar panel.

Some of the common circuit faults on the solar panel side are:

Solar panel damage:

The solar panel may be damaged by physical impact, extreme weather, or aging. This can reduce its efficiency and output, or cause it to stop working altogether. To check if the solar panel is damaged, you can use a multimeter to measure its voltage and current output under sunlight. If the output is lower than the rated value, or there is no output at all, the solar panel needs to be replaced.

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Charge controller failure:

The charge controller may fail due to water ingress, short circuit, or component damage. This can affect the charging and discharging of the battery, and the switching between the solar and the mains electricity. To check if the charge controller is working properly, you can use a multimeter to measure the voltage and current at the input and output terminals of the charge controller. If the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, or the output current is lower than the input current, the charge controller is not functioning correctly and needs to be replaced.

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Battery degradation:

The battery may degrade over time due to repeated charging and discharging cycles, high temperature, or low quality. This can reduce its capacity and performance, and shorten its lifespan. To check if the battery is degraded, you can use a battery tester to measure its voltage and capacity. If the voltage is lower than the rated value, or the capacity is lower than the specified value, the battery needs to be replaced.

Circuit faults on the LED lamp side

The LED lamp side of the solar street light system consists of the LED light source, the driver, and the backup switch. The LED light source emits light when powered by the DC electricity from the battery or the mains electricity. The driver converts the DC electricity into a suitable current and voltage for the LED light source, and also controls the dimming and timing functions. The backup switch automatically switches the power source from the battery to the mains electricity when the battery is low or the solar panel is not working.

Some of the common circuit faults on the LED lamp side are:

LED light source damage:

The LED light source may be damaged by physical impact, overheating, or aging. This can reduce its brightness and color, or cause it to flicker or stop working altogether. To check if the LED light source is damaged, you can use a power supply to supply the rated voltage and current to the LED light source and observe its performance. If the brightness or color is lower than the expected value, or the light source is flickering or not working at all, the LED light source needs to be replaced.

Driver failure:

The driver may fail due to water ingress, short circuit, or component damage. This can affect the current and voltage output, and the dimming and timing functions. To check if the driver is working properly, you can use a multimeter to measure the voltage and current at the input and output terminals of the driver. If the input voltage or current is higher than the output voltage or current, or the output voltage or current is not stable, the driver is not functioning correctly and needs to be replaced.

Backup switch malfunction:

The backup switch may malfunction due to water ingress, short circuit, or component damage. This can affect the switching between the battery and the mains electricity, and cause the LED lamp to be always on or always off. To check if the backup switch is working properly, you can use a multimeter to measure the voltage and current at the input and output terminals of the backup switch. If the input voltage or current is not consistent with the output voltage or current, or the output voltage or current is not changing according to the battery level or the solar panel output, the backup switch is not functioning correctly and needs to be replaced.

Conclusion

Solar street lights are a convenient and eco-friendly way of providing outdoor lighting, but they may encounter some circuit faults that affect their performance and operation. By identifying and repairing these faults, you can ensure the optimal functioning and longevity of your solar street light system.

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